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1989-01-06
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GIFDOT (c) Copr. 1988-89 Lawrence Gozum & Marvin Gozum
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
User Manual
DISCLAIMER
This product is distributed AS IS. The authors specifically disclaim
all warranties ,expressed or implied, including ,but not limited to,
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose with respect to defects in the diskette and documentation, and
program license granted herein, in particular, and without limiting
operation of the program license with respect to any particular
application use or purpose. In no event shall the authors be liable
for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage including but
not limited to special, incidental, consequential or other damages.
LICENSING AGREEMENT
You may use this program on a TRIAL BASIS only; this means that you
may freely evaluate the usefulness of this program for 10 DAY TRIAL
PERIOD. Should you find this program useful, you must register it
(see last section of this manual). You will then be provided with
the latest releases of applications that will run on your system;
these range from Hercules, CGA, EGA and VGA. All programs developed,
with the exception of VGACAD and VGA2EGA are being modified to run on
virtually ANY graphics system down to Hercules and CGA.
You may freely distribute copies of this program in its UNMODIFIED
state provided you do not include it in other software packages, with
the exception of distributing it as part of a bundle of Public Domain
or shareware programs on a single diskette. In addition you may not
charge more that $3.50 for copying and/or distributing this program in
the absence of recognized Users Group guidelines (e.g. ASP -
Association of Shareware Professionals or NYACC/PC-Blue -New York
Amateur Computer Club.)
WHAT IS GIFDOT ?
GIFDOT is a dot matrix printer utility for printing:
1) ANY colored GIF picture (4 colors and up recommended), with any
size (up to 2048 x 2048 x 256) - NO VIDEO REQUIRED WHEN LOADING
ANY GIF FILE;
2) ANY VIEWABLE VGA/MCGA 320x200x256 color picture captured with
VGACAP;
3) VGACAD pictures;
4) 16-color pictures converted to 320x200x256 with EGA2VGA;
5) Colorized or Grey-Scale converted MacPaint (READMACs) with
MAC2GIF.
GIFDOT is a totally revised version of VGAPRN which is graphics card
independent - NO VIDEO CARD IS NECESSARY. Even if you are using CGA
or Hercules cards, you can still print VGA or SuperVGA GIF pictures as
long as you have GIF picture files or 320x200x256 BLD/PLT files.
GIFDOT converts your colored pictures to 256 grey shades on a 64 grey
scale continuum; adjust the brightness and contrast levels through
sophisticated Grey Scale Skewing (Brightness Adjustment) and
Histogram-based Contrast Stretching algorithms, respectively.
GIFDOT uses the Floyd-Steinberg algorithm for dithering pictures; this
error-distributed technique provides the illusion of a continuous grey
scale limited only by your printer resolution. As such, GIFDOT has
the capability to print in several sizes, as discussed below.
WHAT IS VGACAP ?
VGACAP is a terminate-stay-resident (TSR) utility that allows you to
capture the 256 color palette and screen in the 320x200x256 color mode
and save both the palette and screen in "Bloadable" formats. VGACAP's
main purpose is to capture and "Bsave" the pictures of commercial and
shareware viewing programs as well as painting/graphics and CAD
programs available now and in the future.
REQUIREMENTS
NO VIDEO CARD REQUIRED FOR USING GIFDOT. About 512KB of memory is
required, although it uses about half of that.
You MUST have a VGA or MCGA adaptor (at least BIOS compatible) present
and an analog monitor to use VGACAP. VGACAP uses less than 2K of your
available memory !
Note: When in DOS or using a picture viewer (e.g., VGAGIF) or
application which requires a keypress to continue, it is
necessary to hit any key or a specified key (e.g., spacebar or
return) after hitting the 'HOTKEY' before VGACAP saves the screen
and palette.
COMPATIBLE PRINTERS
GIFDOT was designed to run on Epson and IBM compatible printers that
support 120 dpi (horizontally) and 72 dpi (vertically) at the minimum.
Epson (e.g., LQ,FX,GX,RX,JX, ...)
IBM (e.g., Graphics Printer, Proprinter, ...)
The following partial list of manufacturers have compatible "ESC"
codes to run GIFDOT; if your printer supports "ESC L" (sets double
density graphics) and "ESC J" or "ESC A" (sets n/216 or 1/72 inch
single line spacing) GIFDOT will run on your system. Check your
printer manual.
Canon (e.g., PW series)
Centronics
C.Itoh
NEC (e.g., Pinwriter, ...)
Okidata (e.g., 92/93, 192/193, 292/293, ...)
Panasonic (e.g., 1080i,1090i, ...)
Star (e.g., Gemini, Micronics SG series)
Tandy DMP
NOTE: YOU MUST DISABLE AUTO-LINEFEED; THIS SETTING IS NORMALLY
'OFF' (BY DEFAULT). IF YOUR PRINTER HAS THIS FEATURE 'ON',
YOU MUST SET THE DIP SWITCHES TO TURN IT 'OFF' OTHERWISE
YOUR PICTURE WILL BE PRINTED WITH 'SKIPPED' LINES.
HOW TO USE VGACAP
Simply run VGACAP before entering your painting/CAD or digitized
picture viewer. After loading, press <ALT-F10>, while viewing your
picture in any drawing/paint/CAD or viewing program. Your current
screen and palette will be saved in your default drive and directory
in the standard Bsave format for all BASIC programs.
The first time you run the program it will save your screen and
palette to SCREEN00.BLD and SCREEN00.PLT respectively. If there is an
existing SCREENxx.BLD or SCREENxx.PLT file, then it will increment to
the next higher number. This can be confusing if you keep the
captured files without renaming them since you can have unmatched
screens and palettes. You can use your favorite memory managers to
remove this TSR or reboot to release it from memory.
LOADING PICTURES INTO GIFDOT
Two formats are accepted by GIFDOT: GIF and BLD/PLT files; At the
start of the program, you will be prompted to select [G]IF or [B]LD
files to to selected or [Q]uit if you forgot the filename.
When loading GIF pictures, if you have a VGA/MCGA card, GIFDOT will
display the picture as it decodes it and show its conversion to a 256
grey scale picture. All other cards will load in memory; GIFDOT
automatically senses if you have a VGA/MCGA or SuperVGA card.
All pictures are interpolated to a 320x200 size. As such, LARGE
SuperVGA GIF files (e.g., 640x480x256, 800x600x256 and 1024x768x256)
are interpolated to 320x200x256; succeeding updates will take
advantage of the rich color information in LARGE GIFs by creating
virtual disk buffers. SQZGIF is recommended for LARGE GIF pictures to
retain more color information for better printing results.
16-color EGA/EEGA/VGA pictures will also be interpolated; it is highly
recommended that you use EGA2VGA to process such pictures before
loading into GIFDOT. 2-color pictures will have very poor results
since there is not much grey information to create nice dithering
patterns from; these are mostly in a dithered form to begin with. Use
MAC2GIF if you want to print MacPaint pictured with GIFDOT.
You can select any filename by moving a highlighted bar (with the
arrow keys) and pressing the <return> key. Pressing <Spc> allows you
to select a different PATH, while <Esc> exits. When selecting a *.BLD
file, be sure it has a corresponding *.PLT file or a error message
will result.
PATHs *MUST* end with a backslash character "\" or your specified PATH
will be rejected (an error beep will result). The following are legal
PATH examples:
"A:\"
"B:\"
"C:\GIF\"
"D:\GIF\VGA\LARGE"
Every captured picture, VGACAD picture, converted EGA2VGA picture, and
converted MAC2GIF picture will have two files: the screen and
palette. The screen should have the extension .BLD (for BLoaD) and
.PLT (for PaLetTe).
THE MAIN MENU
After successful loading of your picture (a LARGE GIF may take 1-2
minutes to load and interpolate) you will see this:
Select Print Size (inches) (pixels)
[P]ortrait 10.0 x 8.0 960 x 768
[L]arge Landscape 8.0 x 6.0 960 x 432
[M]edium Landscape 6.0 x 4.5 720 x 320
[S]mall Landscape 4.0 x 3.0 480 x 216
[T]iny Landscape 2.6 x 2.2 320 x 144
[H]istogram Analysis
[B]rightness Threshold
[K]ontrast Threshold
[R]estore Screen
[N]ew Picture
[Q]uit
Simply select the letter to initiate that function or option.
CONTRAST STRETCHING & ENHANCEMENT
[K] - Contrast Stretching is performed using a "histogram" of your
pixel value distribution. Each pixel can have a grey value 0 to 255
which corresponds to each of the colors 0 to 255.
What Contrast Stretching does is to equalize the distribution of grey
scales to evenly span the range of grey values from 0 to 255. For
example, a typically unequalized image may have the following
distribution of pixels. The low and high bins are the edges of the
histogram distribution. All pixels between the edges (i.e., the high
and low bin) will be stretched to fill the entire 256 gray range.
N ╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ low ▓▓ high ║
P ║ bin ──┐ ▓ ▓▓▓▓ bin ║
i ║ │ ▓▓ ▓▓▓▓ │ ║
x ║ ▓ ▓ ▓▓▓▓ ▓▓▓▓ ▓ ║
e ║ ▓ ▓ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ ▓▓▓▓▓ ▓▓ ▓▓▓ ║
l ║ ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓║
s ╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
0 -------------------------127----------------------255
After Contrast Stretching the distribution will approximate this.
N ╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ ▓ ▓ ║
P ║ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ║
i ║ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ║
x ║▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓║
e ║▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓ ▓║
l ║▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓║
s ╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
0 -------------------------127----------------------255
When prompted "Add Contrast 1-255", select a number within that range
and both the high and low bins will be move accordingly; normally a
value between 5 and 30 will yield the best results.
Note that when you have a picture surrounded by a large "black" area,
that area may not be black BUT a very dark shade of grey resulting in
a few error-distributed patterns to appear; you must use at least a
value of "1" to equalize the grey distribution so that BLACK WILL BE
THE DARKEST COLOR and avoid error-distributed pixels in areas that are
supposed to be black.
VGA/MCGA users will have interactive feedback; they will see the
results and can abort the process; all other cards will not have this
option.
BRIGHTNESS ADJUSTMENT
When this option is selected, you will be prompted with "Adjust
Brightness (+100-)"; the brightness of all pixels will be adjusted
acoordingly. A value of "-10" will "darken" all pixels by 10% (it
will skew the distribution towards BLACK); conversely a value of "20"
will "brighten" all pixels by 20%.
This feature is VERY IMPORTANT since what you see is normally NOT what
you get (for VGA/MCGA users); Since dot-matrix printers tend to
emphasize BLACK rather than its absence, WHITE, a picture that looks
fine on screen (VGA/MCGA users) will look much darker in print.
HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS
Non-VGA useers will find this function VERY useful; it is the only way
you can get feedback on the screen about the quality of your picture.
This function will display TWO(2) histograms. The first, labelled
"Original", is the screen that will be restored with the [R]estore
Screen function, while the second is the "Modified" picture which
reflects all the changes in Contrast and Brightness.
The scales used in the histograms are based on the MODE, which is the
highest grey scale frequency in the picture; normally these are the
far bins: BLACK and WHITE. There are 64 points on the x-axis and 10
points on the y-axis. The 64 x-axis points correspond to the 64 grey
scale continuum; the entire picture is "stretched" to 256 grey shades,
which means that each point on the x-axis represents 4 grey levels.
Each point on the y-axis varies with the MODE. If the most frequent
grey shade is BLACK and 20,000 pixels (about 1/3 of the screen) is
BLACK, then each point on the y-axis will represent 2,000 pixels.
With this in mind, grey shades with less that 2,000 pixels will appear
as a "flat line". You will notice that changing the Contrast or
brightness may make your "Modified" histogram appear as a "flat line"
with a few very high bins. You can magnify the scale (i.e, reduce the
value each y-axis point represents) by pressing the <Spc> bar. Bins
with the "┼" character show grey shades that extend beyond the MODE
(as you magnify the scale, more Bins will have this symbol).
After modifying a picture (Contrast Stretching or Brightness Skewing),
the "modified" picture may not display the full distribution since the
highest bins are so large that smaller bins come out as a "flat
line". To see more data, reduce the [B]ins and/or magnify the scale
with the <Spc> bar.
Pressing the [B]ins key option will cut the "edges" or "anchors" of
your "Modified" histogram by 1. Thus, the first time you press [B]in,
you grey scale continuuum will become a 2-62 grey scale; the next will
be 3-61 and so forth. Since pure BLACK and WHITE pixels tend to
dominate the MODE, adjusting the [B]ins will make the distribution
more viewable. Experiment freely with the scaling options; you can
always press [R]eset to start over. TEST.GIF will appear as a
"perfect binomial distribution", almost a normal curve, and is a good
picture to use in becoming familiar with Histogram Analysis.
LANDSCAPE and PORTRAIT PRINTING
This is self-explanatory; a picture with the corresponding size in
inches and pixels will be printed accordingly. A [P]ortrait, which is
the largest possible print size, will be printed sideways; Landscape
is the normal way we view a picture.
Before printing, you will be asked if you want to adjust the
settings. You can select between an [E]pson, [I]BM driver or
[O]kidata driver. You can also opt for single or double pass printing
(when your ribbon is worn), and printer port #1 or #2. While
printing, you can press <Esc> to abort the printing process.
A Horizontal Tab feature has recently been added. This feature will
allow you to fit as many as 8 Tiny pictures on one page. Simply input
the number of pixels that will be "tabbed". If the Horizontal Tab
causes the picture to print out of an 8 inch sheet, you input will be
rejected (error beep will result). A full 8 inches is calulated at
960 pixels at 120 pixels per inch.
OPTIMAL PRINTING
To get the BEST possible print-out, we suggest that you experiment
with the [T]iny Landscape option while interactively adjusting the
brightness and contrast stretching variables; you can always [R]estore
Screen if you have "messed-up" your picture. When satisfied with the
results, you can progress to larger prints. Become familiar with the
Histogram charts and the results on your printer. After a while, you
will be able to guage the quality of your print-outs by simply looking
at the Histograms before printing..
VGA/MCGA users, remember that what you see is not necessarily what you
get. In this respect, all other users are equal; you have to
interactively adjust the picture quality with your printer. I suggest
keeping 1-3 pages of tractor-feed paper during your experiments.
REGISTRATION
BONUS: Registered users of VGACAD v1.4-1.5, VGA2EGA v1.0,
SQZGIF v1.0-v1.2, GIFPUB v1.0-1.2, MAC2GIF v1-2 and/or
EGA2VGA v1-2 are registered for GIFDOT. Copy your
REGISTER.OVL file into the directory of GIFDOT and it
will operate as a registered version. IF YOU HAVE NOT
REGISTERED ANY OF THESE PROGRAMS, DO SO NOW; WHEN VGACAD
v1.60 IS RELEASED, THE REGISTER.OVL FILE WILL CHANGE AND
ALL NEW RELEASES WILL REQUIRE REGISTER.V16 TO OPERATE AS
A NON-SHAREWARE VERSION.
For 19.95 (for orders outside of U.S.A. add USD $15.00) you will be
entitled to the latest update of GIFDOT and REGISTER.V16 file (when
released). The following programs listed below are provided (latest
copy or update) to registered users. As much as possible, we are
reprogramming all utilities to work with ANY video card; programs
that, at present, work with ANY video card are: GIFPUB, GIFPUB,
EGA2VGA (v2.0), MAC2GIF and SQZGIF. We intend to modify all utilities
to have device-independent graphics capabilities (with the obvious
exception of VGACAD, VGACAP, VGA2EGA, and CGA2VGA). If you are a
Hercules, CGA or EGA user, and you upgrade to VGA, please inform us as
soon as possible so that we may send you VGA-dependent releases too.
* Device-independent utilities
GIFPUB - converts 256 color GIFs to B&W images of varying sizes
for desktop publishing/printing as .PCX (ZSoft format for Ventura
Desk Top Publisher, First Publisher, Publisher's Paintbrush, PC
Paintbrush+) or rename files to .PCC for importing in Aldus
Pagemaker.
SQZGIF - converts LARGE GIF pictures (up to 2048x2048x256) to
320x200x256 using interpolation and "color averaging" techniques
to blend/smooth "jaggies" inherent in reducing LARGE GIFS while
retaining a maximum of color information. Version 1.2 is now
300% FASTER and features the same user interface.
MAC2GIF - converts .MAC ("readmac") pictures to 5-16 grey shades
or color and saves results as .GIF or BLD/PLT file, and other
formats; graphics are viewable in VGA, MCGA or EGA - no video
card is required for direct Black & White conversion to GIF.
NEW! EGA2VGA (v2.0) - converts GIFs (16 colors and below) or ANY
VIEWABLE 2-16 color EGA/EEGA/VGA picture to 320x200x256 by
actually creating 256 NEW COLORS; outputs load directly to
GIFPUB, GIFPUB, and VGACAD. If you load .MAC pics (by converting
to GIF with MAC2GIF), you can smooth/convert Black & White images
to grey shades; B&W GIFs and captured pics will also be
"smoothed" into grey shades. *NO VIDEO REQUIRED*
* Device-dependent utilities/applications
VGA2EGA - conversion utility to convert 256 color pictures to EGA
or Extended EGA picture with "35" grey shades or any combination
of 42,875 COLORS for the BEST possible rendition of 256 color
pictures on an EGA/Extended EGA system.
VGACAD - extensive paint/image processing program for VGA/MCGA
users; v1.50 features extensive paintingcapabilities, an
integrated GIF interface, Airbrushes, color and grey image
processing functions (smoothing, noise removal, shading, contrast
stertching, edge detection, high frequency-boosting, ... more),
Bezier/spline curves, multi-featured Cut&Paste, variable sizing,
multi-directiona 256-color gradient fills, 256 color 16x16
pattern fills, and a LOT of other 256-color capabilities.
Whats next ?
SYNPCX is utility to convert dithered, monochrome .PCX (Zsoft) files
to smooth grey shades.This utility is primarily designed to convert
scanned Black & White images, saved to a .PCX file, for use image
processing with VGACAD, redithering/resizing with GIFPUB, printing
with GIFDOT, or EGA conversion with VGA2EGA. SYNPCX will be graphics
device independent (No Video Required).
VGA2EGA is being "turbo-charged" in speed and will feature
Floyd-Steinberg error-distributed dithering of EGA colors for a
standardized 16-color picture resulting in excellent detail retention
and, virtually, standardized viewing on any EGA/EEGA system, with the
greatest possible number of colors "viewable".
On the longer term, you can expect radical changes in VGACAD. We are
also, developing VGASHW (a 256-color presentation system), VGACBT (the
PROGRAMMABLE Computer-Based Training counterpart of VGASHW) AND
MANNEQUIN (what "Weird Science" tried to do in the movie it will do on
the computer screen with potential applications for Advertising and
Fashion Design, aside from creating your own artistic nudes).
If you support maverick authors like us, we will continue to develop
innovative products like nothing seen commercially - otherwise they
will, as many (sigh!) good Shareware programs, simply "DIE" from lack
of support ! Compare the cost/benefit ratio of any of our products
with commercial products; we want to continue supporting and
developing these products. Please support the User-Supported
(Shareware) concept; you, and you alone, determine whether it will be
worthwhile to continue developing.
To register, send in the registration form and check payable to
Dr. Marvin Gozum
2 Independence Place Apt. 303-2
6th & Locust Street
Philadelphia, PA 19106
NEW! 3.5" disk users: We are now supporting this format.
If you want your updates in this format, add $10.00.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Graphics Interchange Format and GIF are trademarks (tm)
of CompuServe Inc. an H&R Block Company.